Version prof → LLCER anglais · Lycée général · 1re · Première

Séquence 5 · Walls and doors: the individual against the group (Frost, Dickinson, Chopin)

Does the group protect the individual or imprison them?

Repères pour le professeur

Voie · niveauLycée général · Première
DisciplineLLCER anglais
Programme officielProgramme d'enseignement de spécialité de langues, littératures et cultures étrangères (anglais) de la classe de première générale, BO spécial n°1 du 22 janvier 2019 : thématiques « Imaginaires » et « Rencontres » ; niveau attendu en fin de première : B2.
Place dans le programmeProgramme de spécialité LLCER anglais de première générale (BO spécial n°1 du 22 janvier 2019), thématique « Rencontres », axe 2 « Relation entre l'individu et le groupe » · B2
Durée totale2 séances + 1 évaluation ≈ 3 h 05
ModalitéEnseignement à distance : classe virtuelle + travail autonome + rendu sur l'ENT

Objectifs et capacités

Objectifs

Capacités travaillées (BO)

Notions, lexique et outils d'analyse

dramatic monologue, blank verseproverb, tradition, conformitysituational irony, dramatic ironyshort story, ellipsis, twist endingfree indirect speech

Repères culturels

Ressources de la séquence

Ancrage dans le programme, notions, repères, débats, bibliographie et différenciation, communs à toutes les séances.

Ancrage dans le programme officiel

Axe 2, « Relation entre l'individu et le groupe » : « Cet axe explore comment cette rencontre, qu'elle soit réussie ou qu'elle mène au contraire à un sentiment de rejet, d'acculturation, de marginalisation ou de solitude, offre souvent aux artistes et écrivains l'occasion d'en souligner toute la complexité (encountering ; contrasting). » La littérature traite ce thème notamment « par la poésie (Walt Whitman, Robert Frost) » ; « On étudie en outre l'écart à la norme que fait apparaître la rencontre. » Le programme cite « des romanciers Daniel Defoe, Kate Chopin, E. M. Forster ».

Organisation : « L'étude des deux thématiques est obligatoire mais les axes d'étude ne sont proposés qu'à titre indicatif et ne sont en rien limitatifs. » « Deux œuvres littéraires intégrales (court roman, nouvelles ou pièce de théâtre), à raison d'une œuvre par thématique, auxquelles pourra être ajoutée une œuvre filmique, devront être lues et étudiées pendant l'année » ; les extraits proposés ici accompagnent l'œuvre intégrale choisie dans le programme limitatif.

Notions : définitions rigoureuses

Blank verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter, close to speech: Frost's « Mending Wall ».
Dramatic monologue
A poem spoken by a character to a listener; the reader judges the speaker.
Proverb
Traditional saying: « Good fences make good neighbours » stands for inherited, unquestioned wisdom.
Situational irony
The opposite of what is expected happens: the husband is alive.
Dramatic irony
The reader knows what the characters ignore: why Louise really dies.
Free indirect speech
The narrator's voice adopts the character's thoughts: « What did it matter! »

Repères

DateÉvénement
1891Poems: Second Series by Emily Dickinson, published after her death (1886).
1894Kate Chopin, « The Story of an Hour » (first title: « The Dream of an Hour »).
1899Chopin, The Awakening: scandal and condemnation.
1914Frost, North of Boston, published in London.

Les historiens en débat

« Mending Wall » has been read in political terms (borders, the Cold War) though Frost himself refused a single message: the speaker, who starts the mending each spring, is not simply right against his neighbour. Kate Chopin was rediscovered in the 1960s and 1970s by feminist criticism (Per Seyersted's biography, 1969); the story is now a classic of American short fiction. Dickinson's poems were edited and regularised in the 1890s; modern editions (Thomas H. Johnson, 1955; R. W. Franklin, 1998) restored her punctuation. Synthèse du professeur.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Différenciation : un rythme de travail différent

Déroulé d'ensemble

SéanceTitreDuréeObjectif
Séance 1Good fences make good neighbours? Frost and Dickinson65 minanalyser la tension entre tradition collective et pensée individuelle
Séance 2One hour of freedom: Kate Chopin's irony65 minanalyser l'ironie et la critique sociale d'une nouvelle
ÉvaluationÉvaluation de fin de séquence (/20)55 minVérifier les acquis : connaissances, capacités, rédaction

Chaque séance dure environ 55 minutes à distance : lancement en classe virtuelle ou par message sur l'ENT, lecture du texte en anglais, questions de compréhension et d'analyse, courte production écrite ou orale (enregistrée), mise en commun et trace écrite. Les élèves renvoient la fiche à trous et leurs productions par l'ENT ou en photo.

Séance 1 · Good fences make good neighbours? Frost and Dickinson

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes, corrigés et barème.

Problématique de la séance

Why do we keep walls we no longer need?

Déroulé minuté à distance

Le cours développé (récit du professeur) · Tradition and questioning

In « Mending Wall » (1914), two New England farmers meet each spring to repair the stone wall between their lands. The speaker notices that « Something there is that doesn't love a wall » (frost, hunters) and argues that the wall is useless: « He is all pine and I am apple orchard ». His neighbour only repeats his father's proverb: « Good fences make good neighbours ». The poem is in blank verse, close to conversation. The speaker sees the neighbour as « an old-stone savage armed » who « moves in darkness »: blind obedience to tradition. Yet the speaker himself starts the mending. Dickinson's short poem takes the opposite path: she chooses to be « nobody », against the dreary public life of « somebody ».

Document 1 · Robert Frost, « Mending Wall » (1914), lines 1 to 4, 12 to 15 and 23 to 27

Poem, North of Boston, 1914 (public domain).

Something there is that doesn't love a wall, That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, And spills the upper boulders in the sun; And makes gaps even two can pass abreast. […] I let my neighbour know beyond the hill; And on a day we meet to walk the line And set the wall between us once again. We keep the wall between us as we go. […] There where it is we do not need the wall: He is all pine and I am apple orchard. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him. He only says, "Good fences make good neighbours."

Source : R. Frost, « Mending Wall », 1914 (full text on Wikisource).

Document 2 · Robert Frost, « Mending Wall », end of the poem

Same poem.

Before I built a wall I'd ask to know What I was walling in or walling out, And to whom I was like to give offence. Something there is that doesn't love a wall, That wants it down." I could say "Elves" to him, But it's not elves exactly, and I'd rather He said it for himself. I see him there Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed. He moves in darkness as it seems to me, Not of woods only and the shade of trees. He will not go behind his father's saying, And he likes having thought of it so well He says again, "Good fences make good neighbours."

Source : R. Frost, « Mending Wall », 1914 (full text on Wikisource).

Document 3 · Emily Dickinson, « I'm nobody! Who are you? »

Poem, published in 1891 (public domain).

I'm nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody, too? Then there's a pair of us—don't tell! They'd banish us, you know. How dreary to be somebody! How public, like a frog To tell your name the livelong day To an admiring bog!

Source : E. Dickinson, Poems: Second Series, 1891 (full text on Wikisource).

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents 1 to 3

Consigne :

Read the documents and answer in English.

  1. What happens every spring in « Mending Wall »?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    The two neighbours « meet to walk the line / And set the wall between us once again ».

  2. Why does the speaker think the wall is useless?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    « He is all pine and I am apple orchard »: no cows, no risk, his apple trees will not eat the pine cones.

  3. Why does Dickinson prefer to be « nobody »?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    Being « somebody » is « dreary » and « public, like a frog » croaking its name to « an admiring bog ».

Critère de réussitePoints
Comprehension6
Total de l'activité6

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents 1 and 2

Consigne :

Analyse the two voices of the poem.

  1. What does the repetition of the proverb show about the neighbour?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    He does not think for himself: « He will not go behind his father's saying »; he is proud of a borrowed thought.

  2. What image does the speaker use for him, and what does it suggest?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    « like an old-stone savage armed », « He moves in darkness »: a primitive, unthinking man, in moral darkness.

  3. Is the speaker entirely different from his neighbour?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    No: he lets his neighbour know and walks the line too; the poem questions both voices.

Critère de réussitePoints
Analysis7
Total de l'activité7

Activité 3 · Speak

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Record 2 minutes: « Which walls (real or symbolic) do groups build today? Are they good neighbours? »

✔ Corrigé rédigé :

Criteria: examples (borders, social media groups, gated communities), reference to the poem, nuanced opinion, fluency.

Critère de réussitePoints
Oral production7
Total de l'activité7

Trace écrite (à faire recopier ou à déposer sur l'ENT)

In « Mending Wall », the neighbour repeats the proverb « Good fences make good neighbours »; the speaker asks what he is « walling in or walling out ». Frost writes in blank verse. Dickinson prefers to be « nobody ».

Barème récapitulatif des activités notées

ActivitéPoints
Activité 1 · Understand6
Activité 2 · Analyse7
Activité 3 · Speak7
Total20 / 20

Séance 2 · One hour of freedom: Kate Chopin's irony

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes, corrigés et barème.

Problématique de la séance

What does Louise Mallard discover in one hour?

Déroulé minuté à distance

Le cours développé (récit du professeur) · Irony in the short story

« The Story of an Hour » (1894) is a very short short story. Louise Mallard, who has « a heart trouble », learns that her husband died in a railway accident. Alone in her room, she slowly recognises a feeling: « free, free, free! ». Through free indirect speech, Chopin reveals that marriage meant a « powerful will bending hers ». Then comes the twist: Brently Mallard walks in, alive. Louise dies, and the doctors say it was « of the joy that kills ». This dramatic irony (the reader knows the truth) exposes society's blindness to women's desire for self-assertion.

Document 1 · Kate Chopin, « The Story of an Hour » (1894), beginning and middle

Short story, 1894 (public domain).

Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death. […] She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister's arms. […] There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination. And yet she had loved him—sometimes. Often she had not.

Source : K. Chopin, « The Story of an Hour », 1894 (full text on Wikisource).

Document 2 · Kate Chopin, « The Story of an Hour », ending

Same story.

She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long. […] Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. […] When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease—of the joy that kills.

Source : K. Chopin, « The Story of an Hour », 1894 (full text on Wikisource).

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents 1 and 2

Consigne :

Read the documents and answer in English.

  1. Why is the news broken to Louise « as gently as possible »?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    Because she is « afflicted with a heart trouble ».

  2. What does she realise about the years to come?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    « There would be no one to live for her … she would live for herself »: freedom from a « powerful will ».

  3. What happens at the end?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    Her husband enters, alive; she dies, and the doctors say « of heart disease, of the joy that kills ».

Critère de réussitePoints
Comprehension6
Total de l'activité6

Activité 2 · Interpret

18 min
Approfondissement

Supports : Documents, lesson

Consigne :

Write a paragraph (about 150 words): « The real subject of the story is not death but freedom. »

✔ Corrigé rédigé :

The death is the starting point; the hour is a discovery of self-assertion (« Body and soul free! »); the contrast between the two prayers about life being long; the ending shows that freedom is impossible in her world; irony of « the joy that kills ». Quotations and correct English.

Critère de réussitePoints
Written production8
Total de l'activité8

Activité 3 · Translate

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Document 2

Consigne :

Translate into French « She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long. »

✔ Corrigé rédigé :

Exemple : « Elle murmura une rapide prière pour que la vie fût longue. La veille encore, elle avait pensé avec un frisson que la vie risquait d'être longue. » Nuance des deux « might » rendue.

Critère de réussitePoints
Translation6
Total de l'activité6

Trace écrite (à faire recopier ou à déposer sur l'ENT)

« The Story of an Hour » ends with a twist: the husband is alive. The doctors say Louise died « of the joy that kills », but the reader understands she lost her freedom: this is dramatic irony.

Barème récapitulatif des activités notées

ActivitéPoints
Activité 1 · Understand6
Activité 2 · Interpret8
Activité 3 · Translate6
Total20 / 20

Fiche à trous · corrigé

Frost's neighbour repeats: « Good fences make good neighbours ».

The speaker would ask « What I was walling in or walling out ».

Louise Mallard whispers « Free! Body and soul free! »; the doctors say she died « of the joy that kills ».

La version élève contient la même fiche avec une banque de mots (papier ou ENT).

Évaluation de fin de séquence (/20) · barème et corrigé

Évaluation sur 20 en temps limité, sur le modèle de l'épreuve de Terminale : une synthèse guidée en anglais et une traduction d'un court passage (à l'examen, synthèse sur 16 points et traduction sur 4 points), complétées en Première par une question d'analyse. Le corrigé et les critères servent aussi pour l'autoévaluation.

N°QuestionBarèmeCorrigé et critères
1Analysis (in English, about 120 words): explain the irony of the last sentence of « The Story of an Hour ».6 ptsThe doctors think she died of joy at seeing her husband alive (« the joy that kills »); the reader knows she died of the shock of losing her new freedom; dramatic irony exposes society's assumptions about wives. Accurate quotations, clear explanation.
2Synthèse guidée (about 250 words, in English): « How do Frost, Dickinson and Chopin show the tension between the individual and social rules? » Guiding questions: What rules or traditions does the group impose? How does the individual react? What is the cost of non-conformity?10 ptsFrost: inherited proverb, ritual of mending the wall; the speaker questions but still helps; neighbour « will not go behind his father's saying ». Dickinson: preference for anonymity against the « public » somebody; secret complicity. Chopin: marriage as « a private will » imposed; freedom only for an hour; death. Organised synthesis, documents compared.
3Traduction : translate into French « There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. »4 ptsExemple : « Il n'y aurait personne pour vivre à sa place pendant les années à venir ; elle vivrait pour elle-même. » Conditionnel et parallélisme rendus.
Total20 pts

Pistes pour un rythme de travail différent