Version élève → LLCER anglais · Lycée général · 1re · Première

Séquence 7 · « Why will you say that I am mad? » Poe's unreliable narrator

How does Poe make us share the terror of a narrator we cannot trust?

Bonjour !

Dans cette séquence de langues, littératures et cultures étrangères (anglais), tu vas chercher à répondre à la grande question écrite en haut de la page. Elle se fait en 2 séances. Pour chaque séance : lis la consigne, étudie les documents, réponds aux questions sur ta feuille ou sur l'ENT, puis recopie l'essentiel dans ton cahier. Tu peux imprimer cette page avec le bouton « Imprimer ».

À la fin, je serai capable de :

Les mots importants

unreliable narratorunity of effect (Poe)first-person confessionrhythm: dashes, repetitions, exclamationsGothic and psychological horror

Ressources de la séquence

Les notions, les repères et les pistes pour aller plus loin, utiles pour toutes les séances.

Les notions à maîtriser

Unreliable narrator
A narrator whose judgment or honesty is doubtful; the reader must read against him.
Unity of effect
Poe's principle: a short tale must produce one single, intense effect.
Confession
A first-person account addressed to a listener; here it is also a defence.

Repères

DateÉvénement
1842Poe's review of Hawthorne defines the « single effect » of the tale.
January 1843« The Tell-Tale Heart » appears in The Pioneer (Boston).
1845« The Raven » makes Poe famous.
1849Death of Poe in Baltimore.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Mon parcours : je choisis mon rythme

Séance 1 · « How then am I mad? »

70 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Why does the narrator insist so much on his sanity?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · The unreliable narrator

The tale opens in the middle of a conversation: the narrator answers an accusation (« why will you say that I am mad? »). He wants to prove his sanity by the calm of his story, but the form contradicts him: dashes and exclamations in many editions, repetitions (« very, very »), rhetorical questions. This gap between what he says and how he says it defines the unreliable narrator.

Document 1 · Edgar Allan Poe, « The Tell-Tale Heart » (opening)

Short story, 1843 (public domain).

True! nervous, very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses, not destroyed, not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How then am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily, how calmly I can tell you the whole story.

Source : E. A. Poe, « The Tell-Tale Heart », 1843 (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

acute: very sharp; hearken: listen (archaic).

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read the opening and answer.

  1. Who is the narrator speaking to?
  2. What does he say about his senses?
  3. How does he want to prove he is not mad?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Analyse the gap between content and form.

  1. Find two signs of agitation.
  2. Which claim sounds most disturbing?
  3. Why is the narrator unreliable?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Speak

20 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Record a 2-minute reading of the opening, then argue whether the narrator is mad or not. Sentence starters: The narrator insists that… / However, his style shows… / In my opinion,….

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Oral production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

madstyleunreliable

The narrator wants to prove he is not ______, but his ______ betrays him: he is an __________ narrator.

Séance 2 · The beating heart

70 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

How does a sound become the engine of terror?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Unity of effect and sound

Poe builds the tale towards one effect. The heart becomes a leitmotiv: first a « low, dull, quick sound », then louder and louder until the confession. The comparison with a drum turns the narrator into a soldier of his own madness. The reader hears what he hears: we share his obsession.

Document 1 · Edgar Allan Poe, « The Tell-Tale Heart » (the heart)

Short story, 1843 (public domain).

It was the beating of the old man's heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage.

Source : E. A. Poe, « The Tell-Tale Heart », 1843 (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

fury: violent anger; to stimulate: to push, to excite.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. What does the narrator hear?
  2. What effect does it have on him?
  3. What is it compared to?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Analyse.

  1. Why is the drum comparison striking?
  2. How does the sound structure the tale?
  3. Is the sound real?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Write

20 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Write a paragraph (about 180 words): « Is the beating heart real or imagined? » Sentence starters: On the one hand,… / On the other hand,… / Poe leaves the question open because….

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Written production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

confessioneffectleitmotiv

The heart is a _________ that grows until the __________; Poe aims at a single ______.

Fiche à trous · je complète

Complète le texte avec les mots de la banque (sur papier ou dans le document de l'ENT).

effecthearingmadsharpenedunreliable

The narrator keeps asking « why will you say that I am ______? »

An __________ narrator is a narrator whose account we cannot fully trust.

The narrator says the disease has _________ his senses, especially _______.

Poe aims at a single ______: every detail serves the final terror.

Ce que j'ai appris

Les 3 idées que je retiens :
Une phrase en anglais que je veux retenir :
Ce qui reste difficile pour moi / ma question pour le professeur :