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Séquence 10 · A sonnet against the State: Shelley's « England in 1819 »

How can a sonnet, a traditional love form, become a weapon of protest?

Bonjour !

Dans cette séquence de langues, littératures et cultures étrangères (anglais), tu vas chercher à répondre à la grande question écrite en haut de la page. Elle se fait en 2 séances. Pour chaque séance : lis la consigne, étudie les documents, réponds aux questions sur ta feuille ou sur l'ENT, puis recopie l'essentiel dans ton cahier. Tu peux imprimer cette page avec le bouton « Imprimer ».

À la fin, je serai capable de :

Les mots importants

political sonnetaccumulation, enumerationimagery of disease and deathvolta, final hopecensorship and posthumous publication

Ressources de la séquence

Les notions, les repères et les pistes pour aller plus loin, utiles pour toutes les séances.

Les notions à maîtriser

Political sonnet
A sonnet used for public themes (Milton, Wordsworth, Shelley).
Volta
The turn of thought in a sonnet; here in the last two lines.
Seditious libel
Crime of publishing words against the government, prosecuted in Regency Britain.

Repères

DateÉvénement
1811-1820Regency: the future George IV rules for his father George III.
16 August 1819Peterloo Massacre in Manchester: cavalry charge a peaceful crowd demanding reform.
1819Shelley, in Italy, writes « England in 1819 » and The Mask of Anarchy.
1839Mary Shelley publishes the sonnet in his Poetical Works.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Mon parcours : je choisis mon rythme

Séance 1 · A nation in decay

70 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

What picture of England does the sonnet give?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Accumulation and imagery

The sonnet is one long sentence: thirteen lines of noun phrases (king, princes, rulers, people, army, laws, religion, Senate) before the main verb « Are graves ». Each institution is attacked with images of disease, mud and blood. The old king is George III; the « princes » are his sons, including the Regent.

Document 1 · Percy Bysshe Shelley, « England in 1819 »

Sonnet, written 1819 (public domain).

An old, mad, blind, despised, and dying king,— Princes, the dregs of their dull race, who flow Through public scorn,—mud from a muddy spring,— Rulers who neither see, nor feel, nor know, But leech-like to their fainting country cling, Till they drop, blind in blood, without a blow,— A people starved and stabbed in the unfilled field,— An army, which liberticide and prey Makes as a two-edged sword to all who wield,— Golden and sanguine laws which tempt and slay; Religion Christless, Godless—a book sealed; A Senate,—Time's worst statute unrepealed,— Are graves, from which a glorious Phantom may Burst, to illumine our tempestuous day.

Source : Percy Bysshe Shelley, « England in 1819 » (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

dregs: what is left at the bottom; leech: an animal that sucks blood; liberticide: destruction of liberty; sanguine: bloody; statute: law; illumine: light up.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. List five targets of the poem.
  2. Which line refers to the people?
  3. What is the main verb?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Analyse.

  1. Why delay the main verb?
  2. Explain « leech-like ».
  3. What is the effect of the dashes?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Speak

20 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Record a reading of the sonnet (1 minute), then explain in 1 minute which image is the strongest for you. Sentence starters: The strongest image is… / It suggests… / Shelley wants the reader to….

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Oral production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

accumulationgrave

Thirteen lines of ____________ lead to the verb « Are »: every institution is a ______.

Séance 2 · From Peterloo to the Phantom

70 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Is the poem desperate or hopeful?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Volta and context

On 16 August 1819, at St Peter's Field in Manchester, cavalry charged a peaceful crowd demanding parliamentary reform: about eighteen people were killed and hundreds wounded (« Peterloo »). From Italy, Shelley answered with protest poems that he could not publish. The volta of the last two lines turns the graves into a place of resurrection.

Document 1 · Peterloo (teacher's notes)

Notes written by the teacher.

16 August 1819: a crowd of around 60,000 gathers in Manchester to hear the radical speaker Henry Hunt. Local magistrates order the yeomanry and hussars to arrest him; they charge the crowd. Journalists name the event « Peterloo », an ironic echo of Waterloo (1815). The government then passes the Six Acts restricting meetings and the press.

Source : teacher's synthesis.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. Why « Peterloo »?
  2. What did the crowd want?
  3. How did the government react?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Analyse.

  1. Which line may refer to Peterloo?
  2. What may the « glorious Phantom » be?
  3. Why « may »?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Write

20 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Write a commentary paragraph (about 200 words): « Is England in 1819 a poem of despair or of hope? » Sentence starters: At first sight,… / However, the volta… / Therefore,….

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Written production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

hopevolta

Peterloo (16 August 1819) inspired the poem; the ______ turns graves into ______.

Fiche à trous · je complète

Complète le texte avec les mots de la banque (sur papier ou dans le document de l'ENT).

kingleechPhantomverb

The poem opens with « An old, mad, blind, despised, and dying ______ ».

The rulers are « ______-like »: they suck the country's blood.

The thirteen first lines are an enumeration; the ______ « Are » comes only in line 13.

The poem ends with hope: a glorious _______ may burst out.

Ce que j'ai appris

Les 3 idées que je retiens :
Une phrase en anglais que je veux retenir :
Ce qui reste difficile pour moi / ma question pour le professeur :