Version prof → LLCER anglais · Lycée général · Tle · Terminale

Séquence 4 · Growing up against the rules: Oliver Twist and Huckleberry Finn

Does growing up mean obeying society's rules, or learning to break them?

Repères pour le professeur

Voie · niveauLycée général · Terminale
DisciplineLLCER anglais
Programme officielProgramme d'enseignement de spécialité de langues, littératures et cultures étrangères (anglais) de la classe terminale, BO spécial n°8 du 25 juillet 2019 : « Arts et débats d'idées », « Expression et construction de soi », « Voyages, territoires, frontières » ; épreuve écrite de 3 heures 30 (synthèse et traduction) et oral de 20 minutes sur dossier personnel (note de service, version consolidée de mai 2024).
Place dans le programmeProgramme de spécialité LLCER anglais de terminale (BO spécial n°8 du 25 juillet 2019), thématique « Expression et construction de soi », axe 3 « Initiation, apprentissage » · C1
Durée totale2 séances + 1 évaluation ≈ 3 h 05
ModalitéEnseignement à distance : classe virtuelle + travail autonome + rendu sur l'ENT

Objectifs et capacités

Objectifs

Capacités travaillées (BO)

Notions, lexique et outils d'analyse

Bildungsroman, coming-of-age novelworkhouse, Poor Law, satirefirst-person narrator, vernacular, dialectmoral dilemma, conscience, ironyslavery, abolition, the antebellum South

Repères culturels

Ressources de la séquence

Ancrage dans le programme, notions, repères, débats, bibliographie et différenciation, communs à toutes les séances.

Ancrage dans le programme officiel

Axe 3, « Initiation, apprentissage » : « Dans le domaine de l'art, le roman d'apprentissage, abondamment représenté dans la littérature anglophone, vient immédiatement à l'esprit (Bildungsroman, novel of education ou novel of apprenticeship). » On peut « aborder l'évolution morale, intellectuelle ou psychologique du personnage, voire de sa quête de lui-même (Oliver Twist de Charles Dickens ou The Mill on the Floss de George Eliot) ». « Parfois, des expériences douloureuses et brutales précipitent l'apprentissage. » Le programme cite aussi, parmi ces expériences, « la violence du monde des adultes (romans de Mark Twain ».

Note pour le professeur : le roman de Twain emploie à de nombreuses reprises le terme raciste de l'époque pour désigner Jim ; les extraits retenus ici ne le contiennent pas, mais il faut préparer la lecture de l'œuvre intégrale (contexte, intention satirique, débats sur l'enseignement du livre aux États-Unis).

Organisation : « En classe terminale, le programme culturel se décline selon trois thématiques, elles-mêmes subdivisées en axes d'étude. Les thématiques n'ont pas vocation à être traitées de manière consécutive mais de manière croisée pour développer une pensée analytique, indépendante, créative et critique. »

Épreuve (note de service, version consolidée de mai 2024) : partie écrite de 3 heures 30 : « Élaboration d'une synthèse d'un dossier documentaire, guidée par deux ou trois questions ou consignes, en environ 500 mots. » « L'épreuve est notée sur 20 points (synthèse : 16 points ; traduction : 4 points). » Partie orale de 20 minutes sur dossier personnel : « Sans temps de préparation, le candidat présente son dossier dans la langue cible pendant 10 minutes au plus pour en justifier les choix et en exprimer la logique interne, puis interagit avec l'examinateur dans la langue cible pendant 10 minutes au plus. »

Notions : définitions rigoureuses

Bildungsroman
Novel of education following the moral and psychological growth of a young hero.
Workhouse
Institution where the poor were lodged and made to work; the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 made them deliberately harsh.
Vernacular
Ordinary spoken language of a region or class: Huck's « I knowed », « they was said ».
Moral dilemma
Choice between two duties: obeying the law and religion of his society, or being loyal to his friend.
Dramatic irony
Huck thinks he chooses hell, the reader sees he chooses good.
Abolition
Movement to end slavery; abolished in the United States by the 13th Amendment (1865).

Repères

DateÉvénement
1834Poor Law Amendment Act in England.
1837-1839Oliver Twist serialised in Bentley's Miscellany.
1840sSetting of Huckleberry Finn: the Mississippi before the Civil War.
1865End of the Civil War; 13th Amendment.
1884-1885Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published (London, then New York).

Les historiens en débat

Oliver Twist attacked the new Poor Law and made the workhouse a lasting image of institutional cruelty; critics have also discussed the novel's antisemitic portrait of Fagin. Hemingway wrote that « all modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn ». Huck's decision in chapter 31 is read as the moral climax of the novel, while the ending, where Tom Sawyer turns Jim's liberation into a game, divides critics (Leo Marx, 1953). The book's racial language has led to bans and debates in American schools. Synthèse du professeur.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Différenciation : un rythme de travail différent

Déroulé d'ensemble

SéanceTitreDuréeObjectif
Séance 1Please, sir, I want some more: a small rebel65 minanalyser la satire du workhouse et la naissance d'un héros
Séance 2All right, then, I'll go to hell: Huck's choice65 minanalyser le dilemme moral et l'ironie du narrateur
ÉvaluationÉvaluation de fin de séquence (/20)55 minVérifier les acquis : connaissances, capacités, rédaction

Chaque séance dure environ 55 minutes à distance : lancement en classe virtuelle ou par message sur l'ENT, lecture du texte en anglais, questions de compréhension et d'analyse, courte production écrite ou orale (enregistrée), mise en commun et trace écrite. Les élèves renvoient la fiche à trous et leurs productions par l'ENT ou en photo.

Séance 1 · Please, sir, I want some more: a small rebel

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes, corrigés et barème.

Problématique de la séance

Why is asking for more food a revolutionary act?

Déroulé minuté à distance

Le cours développé (récit du professeur) · Dickens's satire of the workhouse

Oliver Twist (1838) follows an orphan born in a workhouse. In chapter 2 the boys are slowly starved with thin gruel. They draw lots, and Oliver must ask for more. The scene is told by an ironic narrator: euphemisms (« The bowls never wanted washing »), comic exaggeration (eating « the very bricks »), and the contrast between the hungry boys and the « fat, healthy » master. Oliver's simple request, « Please, sir, I want some more », is treated as a crime: he is a « small rebel ». Dickens attacks the Poor Law of 1834, which made relief deliberately harsh. The child's innocence reveals the cruelty of adults.

Document 1 · Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist (1838), volume 1, chapter 2

Novel, first book edition 1838 (public domain).

The bowls never wanted washing—the boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again; and when they had performed this operation, (which never took very long, the spoons being nearly as large as the bowls,) they would sit staring at the copper with such eager eyes as if they could devour the very bricks of which it was composed […] Oliver Twist and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months […] A council was held; lots were cast who should walk up to the master after supper that evening, and ask for more; and it fell to Oliver Twist. […] He rose from the table, and advancing basin and spoon in hand, to the master, said, somewhat alarmed at his own temerity— "Please, sir, I want some more." The master was a fat, healthy man, but he turned very pale. He gazed in stupified astonishment on the small rebel for some seconds, and then clung for support to the copper. The assistants were paralysed with wonder, and the boys with fear.

Source : C. Dickens, Oliver Twist, vol. 1, ch. 2, 1838 (full text on Wikisource).

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Document 1

Consigne :

Read the extract and answer in English.

  1. Why did « the bowls never want washing »?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    Because the boys were so hungry that they polished them with their spoons.

  2. How was Oliver chosen to ask for more?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    « A council was held; lots were cast … and it fell to Oliver Twist ».

  3. How do the master and the others react?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    The master « turned very pale », gazed « in stupified astonishment » and « clung for support to the copper »; assistants paralysed, boys afraid.

Critère de réussitePoints
Comprehension6
Total de l'activité6

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Document 1, lesson

Consigne :

Analyse the narrator's irony.

  1. Find an euphemism and explain its effect.
    ✔ Corrigé :

    « The bowls never wanted washing »: it hides starvation behind a domestic detail, which makes it more striking.

  2. What contrast does the narrator build?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    The starving boys vs the « fat, healthy » master: the institution feeds its staff, not the children.

  3. Why is « the small rebel » ironic?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    A polite hungry child is treated as a dangerous revolutionary: the reaction exposes the absurd cruelty of the system.

Critère de réussitePoints
Analysis7
Total de l'activité7

Activité 3 · Speak

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Document and lesson

Consigne :

Record 2 minutes as a journalist in 1838 reporting on the « scandal » in the workhouse, with a critical point of view.

✔ Corrigé rédigé :

Criteria: report structure, past tenses, use of details from the text, critical stance, fluency.

Critère de réussitePoints
Oral production7
Total de l'activité7

Trace écrite (à faire recopier ou à déposer sur l'ENT)

In the workhouse, the starving boys draw lots and Oliver asks: « Please, sir, I want some more ». The ironic narrator calls him « the small rebel »: Dickens attacks the Poor Law.

Barème récapitulatif des activités notées

ActivitéPoints
Activité 1 · Understand6
Activité 2 · Analyse7
Activité 3 · Speak7
Total20 / 20

Séance 2 · All right, then, I'll go to hell: Huck's choice

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes, corrigés et barème.

Problématique de la séance

What does Huck learn that his society cannot teach him?

Déroulé minuté à distance

Le cours développé (récit du professeur) · Conscience and experience

Huck Finn, a poor white boy, has run away down the Mississippi on a raft with Jim, an enslaved man escaping to freedom. In chapter 31 Jim has been captured. Huck's conscience, shaped by a slave-owning society and its religion, tells him that helping Jim is a sin: he writes a letter to Jim's owner, Miss Watson, and feels « washed clean of sin ». But memories of the journey come back: Jim's kindness, their friendship. Huck tears up the letter: « All right, then, I'll go to hell ». Twain uses dramatic irony: Huck believes he chooses evil; the reader sees that he chooses humanity. The vernacular first-person voice (« I knowed », « they was said ») makes the moral growth both comic and moving.

Document 1 · Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), chapter 31

Novel, 1885 (public domain). Just before this extract, Huck has written a letter to Miss Watson to tell her where Jim is held.

I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I knowed I could pray now. But I didn't do it straight off, but laid the paper down and set there thinking—thinking how good it was all this happened so, and how near I come to being lost and going to hell. And went on thinking. And got to thinking over our trip down the river; and I see Jim before me, all the time, in the day, and in the nighttime, sometimes moonlight, sometimes storms, and we a floating along, talking, and singing, and laughing. […] and then I happened to look around, and see that paper. It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling, because I'd got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: "All right, then, I'll go to hell"—and tore it up. It was awful thoughts, and awful words, but they was said.

Source : M. Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, ch. 31, 1885 (full text on Wikisource).

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Document 1

Consigne :

Read the extract and answer in English.

  1. How does Huck feel after writing the letter?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    « good and all washed clean of sin », able to pray.

  2. What memories come back to him?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    The trip down the river with Jim, « talking, and singing, and laughing », Jim's kindness.

  3. What does he decide?
    ✔ Corrigé :

    He tears up the letter: « All right, then, I'll go to hell ».

Critère de réussitePoints
Comprehension6
Total de l'activité6

Activité 2 · Interpret

18 min
Approfondissement

Supports : Documents of the two lessons

Consigne :

Write a paragraph (about 180 words): « Huck's initiation consists in trusting experience against the moral lessons of his society. »

✔ Corrigé rédigé :

Society's religion and law say helping Jim is a sin; Huck's experience of friendship (river memories) wins; he accepts damnation, which shows the perversion of the society's morality; dramatic irony; comparison with Oliver, whose revolt is also a simple human need. Quotations, nuance, correct English.

Critère de réussitePoints
Written production8
Total de l'activité8

Activité 3 · Translate

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Document 1

Consigne :

Translate into French « I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: "All right, then, I'll go to hell", and tore it up. »

✔ Corrigé rédigé :

Exemple : « J'ai réfléchi une minute, en retenant plus ou moins mon souffle, puis je me suis dit : “Bon, d'accord, j'irai en enfer”, et je l'ai déchirée. » Registre oral rendu.

Critère de réussitePoints
Translation6
Total de l'activité6

Trace écrite (à faire recopier ou à déposer sur l'ENT)

Huck's conscience, shaped by a slave-owning society, tells him to denounce Jim. He tears up the letter: « All right, then, I'll go to hell ». Twain uses dramatic irony and a vernacular narrator.

Barème récapitulatif des activités notées

ActivitéPoints
Activité 1 · Understand6
Activité 2 · Interpret8
Activité 3 · Translate6
Total20 / 20

Fiche à trous · corrigé

In the workhouse, the boys draw lots and Oliver must ask: « Please, sir, I want some more. »

The master looks at « the small rebel » with astonishment.

Huck decides not to send the letter: « All right, then, I'll go to hell »; he will help Jim escape.

La version élève contient la même fiche avec une banque de mots (papier ou ENT).

Évaluation de fin de séquence (/20) · barème et corrigé

Évaluation sur 20 en temps limité, sur le modèle de l'épreuve de Terminale : une synthèse guidée en anglais et une traduction d'un court passage (à l'examen, synthèse sur 16 points et traduction sur 4 points), complétées en Première par une question d'analyse. Le corrigé et les critères servent aussi pour l'autoévaluation.

N°QuestionBarèmeCorrigé et critères
1Synthèse, question 1 (about 250 words, in English): « In what ways do Oliver and Huck learn about the world by challenging authority? »8 ptsOliver: hunger, collective decision, his request is a revolt against the workhouse (the « small rebel »); Huck: the conscience shaped by a slave-owning society tells him to denounce Jim, but his experience of friendship wins; both are initiated by transgression; irony in both narrators. Quotations, links between documents.
2Synthèse, question 2 (about 250 words, in English): « How do Dickens and Twain use a child's perspective to criticise adult society? »8 ptsDickens: the third-person narrator's ironic voice contrasts the boys' hunger and the « fat, healthy » master, satire of the Poor Law of 1834; Twain: first-person vernacular, Huck believes he is wicked when he is morally right (dramatic irony), satire of slavery and religious hypocrisy; innocence as a revealing lens. Organised argument.
3Traduction : translate into French « It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling, because I'd got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. »4 ptsExemple : « C'était un moment difficile. Je l'ai ramassé et je l'ai gardé dans la main. Je tremblais, parce qu'il fallait que je décide, pour toujours, entre deux choses, et je le savais. » Registre familier suggéré sans fautes en français.
Total20 pts

Pistes pour un rythme de travail différent