Version élève → LLCER anglais · Lycée général · 1re · Première

Séquence 3 · Paradise or nightmare? H. G. Wells's The Time Machine

Why does an apparent paradise turn into a warning about our own society?

Bonjour !

Dans cette séquence de langues, littératures et cultures étrangères (anglais), tu vas chercher à répondre à la grande question écrite en haut de la page. Elle se fait en 2 séances. Pour chaque séance : lis la consigne, étudie les documents, réponds aux questions sur ta feuille ou sur l'ENT, puis recopie l'essentiel dans ton cahier. Tu peux imprimer cette page avec le bouton « Imprimer ».

À la fin, je serai capable de :

Les mots importants

utopia, dystopia, science fiction (« scientific romance »)social Darwinism, degenerationclass struggle: the Haves and the Have-notsunreliable hypothesis: the narrator revises his theoriesmodal verbs of deduction (must, can't, might)

Ressources de la séquence

Les notions, les repères et les pistes pour aller plus loin, utiles pour toutes les séances.

Les notions à maîtriser

Utopia
From Greek ou-topos (no place) and eu-topos (good place): Thomas More's ideal island (1516).
Dystopia
A nightmarish imagined society which exaggerates present tendencies to warn the reader.
Scientific romance
Late Victorian name for science fiction (Wells, The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds).
Social Darwinism
Application, often abusive, of the theory of natural selection to societies.
Degeneration
Fin de siècle fear that civilisation and comfort weaken the human race.
Modals of deduction
« you must have the Haves » (logical certainty), « it can't be », « it might be »: the narrator reasons.

Repères

DateÉvénement
1516Thomas More, Utopia.
1859Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species.
1863The Metropolitan Railway, the first underground railway, opens in London.
1895The Time Machine published by Heinemann.
1932 ; 1949Huxley, Brave New World ; Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Mon parcours : je choisis mon rythme

Séance 1 · A golden evening: the illusion of utopia

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Is a world without struggle a perfect world?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Utopia and degeneration

In the year 802,701 the Time Traveller meets the Eloi, small, beautiful and idle people. His first theory: humanity has reached a social paradise, with no toil, no commerce, no disease. But a biologist's reasoning follows: human « intelligence and vigour » were produced by hardship and freedom; under « perfect comfort and security » energy becomes useless, and the species degenerates. Wells mixes the utopian tradition (More's ideal island) with Darwin's theory: the dream of comfort carries the seed of decline.

Document 1 · H. G. Wells, The Time Machine (1895), chapter 6

Scientific romance, 1895, Heinemann text (public domain).

I saw mankind housed in splendid shelters, gloriously clothed, and as yet I had found them engaged in no toil. There were no signs of struggle, neither social nor economical struggle. The shop, the advertisement, traffic, all that commerce which constitutes the body of our world, was gone. It was natural on that golden evening that I should jump at the idea of a social paradise. […] Under the new conditions of perfect comfort and security, that restless energy, that with us is strength, would become weakness. Even in our own time certain tendencies and desires, once necessary to survival, are a constant source of failure. […] For such a life, what we should call the weak are as well equipped as the strong, are indeed no longer weak.

Source : H. G. Wells, The Time Machine, ch. 6, 1895 (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

toil: dur labeur ; struggle: lutte ; restless: infatigable ; equipped: armés, préparés.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Document 1

Consigne :

Read the extract and answer in English.

  1. What does the narrator observe in the future world?
  2. What conclusion does he jump to?
  3. Why does comfort produce weakness?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Document 1, lesson

Consigne :

Analyse the reasoning.

  1. Which words show that this is a hypothesis, not a certainty?
  2. What is paradoxical in « the weak are … no longer weak »?
  3. How is this a criticism of Victorian society?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Debate

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Document and lesson

Consigne :

Record 2 minutes: « Would you like to live in the Eloi's world? » Use at least three modals (would, might, could).

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Oral production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

Darwindegeneratesparadiseweakness

The Time Traveller first imagines a social ________. But « perfect comfort and security » turn energy into ________: the species ___________. Wells combines utopia and ______'s theory.

Séance 2 · The Haves and the Have-nots: a dystopia of class

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

What happens if social inequality becomes a biological difference?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · From class to species

After discovering the underground Morlocks, the narrator proposes a new theory. The « temporary and social difference between the Capitalist and the Labourer » has widened until it split humanity into two species: the Haves above ground, the Have-nots below, adapted to their labour. Wells uses signs already visible in London: the Metropolitan Railway, underground workrooms, the « East-end worker » cut off from daylight, the rich closing the countryside. The future is a distorted mirror of the present: this is the principle of dystopia.

Document 1 · H. G. Wells, The Time Machine (1895), chapter 8

Scientific romance, 1895, Heinemann text (public domain).

At first, proceeding from the problems of our own age, it seemed clear as daylight to me that the gradual widening of the present merely temporary and social difference between the Capitalist and the Labourer, was the key to the whole position. […] There is a tendency to utilize underground space for the less ornamental purposes of civilization; there is the Metropolitan Railway in London, for instance, there are new electric railways, there are subways, there are underground workrooms and restaurants, and they increase and multiply. […] So, in the end, above ground you must have the Haves, pursuing pleasure and comfort and beauty, and below ground the Have-nots; the Workers getting continually adapted to the conditions of their labour.

Source : H. G. Wells, The Time Machine, ch. 8, 1895 (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

widening: élargissement ; labourer: ouvrier ; ornamental: décoratifs ; subways: passages souterrains ; Haves / Have-nots: les nantis / les démunis.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Document 1

Consigne :

Read the extract and answer in English.

  1. What is « the key to the whole position »?
  2. Which present-day facts support the theory?
  3. What is the final division?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Interpret

18 min
Approfondissement

Supports : Documents of the two lessons

Consigne :

Write a paragraph (about 150 words): « The Time Machine is a warning rather than a prophecy. » Do you agree?

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Written production

Activité 3 · Translate

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Document 1

Consigne :

Translate into French « There is a tendency to utilize underground space for the less ornamental purposes of civilization ».

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Translation

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

CapitalistdystopiaHave-notsHavesmirror

The narrator's second theory: the gap between the __________ and the Labourer has split humanity into two species, the ______ above ground and the _________ below. The future is a distorted ______ of Victorian London: a ________.

Fiche à trous · je complète

Complète le texte avec les mots de la banque (sur papier ou dans le document de l'ENT).

HavesparadisestruggleweaknessWorkers

At first the Time Traveller thinks he has found a social ________: no toil, no ________, no commerce.

He reasons that « perfect comfort and security » turn energy into ________.

His second theory: above ground the ______, below ground the Have-nots, the _______.

Ce que j'ai appris

Les 3 idées que je retiens :
Une phrase en anglais que je veux retenir :
Ce qui reste difficile pour moi / ma question pour le professeur :