Version élève → LLCER anglais · Lycée général · 1re · Première

Séquence 6 · East is East? Kipling and the colonial encounter

Does Kipling's poetry celebrate the encounter with the Other, or reproduce colonial prejudice?

Bonjour !

Dans cette séquence de langues, littératures et cultures étrangères (anglais), tu vas chercher à répondre à la grande question écrite en haut de la page. Elle se fait en 2 séances. Pour chaque séance : lis la consigne, étudie les documents, réponds aux questions sur ta feuille ou sur l'ENT, puis recopie l'essentiel dans ton cahier. Tu peux imprimer cette page avec le bouton « Imprimer ».

À la fin, je serai capable de :

Les mots importants

dramatic monologue, Cockney dialectexoticism, Orientalism (Edward Said)the British Empire, the Raj, Burmaballad: refrain, rhythm, narrativestereotype, gaze, context

Ressources de la séquence

Les notions, les repères et les pistes pour aller plus loin, utiles pour toutes les séances.

Les notions à maîtriser

Dramatic monologue
The poem is spoken by a fictional character, a working-class soldier, not by Kipling.
Cockney dialect
London working-class speech: dropped h (« 'ear »), « ain't », double negatives (« there aren't no »).
Exoticism
Representation of a foreign place as colourful, sensual and timeless, from the outside.
Orientalism
Edward Said (1978): Western discourse that constructs « the Orient » as the opposite of the West.
Ballad
Narrative poem with strong rhythm and refrain, originally sung.
Context
Burma annexed by Britain after the Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885); King Thibaw (« Theebaw ») exiled.

Repères

DateÉvénement
1857Indian Rebellion; the Crown takes over the government of India (1858).
1885Third Anglo-Burmese War: Upper Burma annexed.
1889 ; 1890« The Ballad of East and West » ; « Mandalay » published in the press.
1892Barrack-Room Ballads in book form.
1907Kipling, Nobel Prize in Literature.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Mon parcours : je choisis mon rythme

Séance 1 · On the road to Mandalay: a soldier's dream of the East

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

What does the soldier really long for?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Exoticism and nostalgia

« Mandalay » (1890) is a dramatic monologue spoken by a British private soldier, back in London after serving in Burma, annexed by Britain in 1885. He remembers a Burmese girl, Supi-yaw-lat, and the landscapes of the Irrawaddy. The poem uses Cockney dialect and a sung refrain. England is grey and cold (« drizzle », « gritty pavin'-stones »); Burma is warm, sensual, free from rules: « Where there aren't no Ten Commandments ». The East is seen from outside, through the colonial gaze: an exotic dream rather than a real place.

Document 1 · Rudyard Kipling, « Mandalay » (1890), first stanza and refrain

Poem, Barrack-Room Ballads, 1892 edition (public domain).

By the old Moulmein Pagoda, lookin' eastward to the sea, There's a Burma girl a-settin', and I know she thinks o' me; For the wind is in the palm-trees, and the temple-bells they say: 'Come you back, you British soldier; come you back to Mandalay!' Come you back to Mandalay, Where the old Flotilla lay: Can't you 'ear their paddles chunkin from Rangoon to Mandalay? On the road to Mandalay, Where the flyin'-fishes play, An' the dawn comes up like thunder outer China 'crost the Bay!

Source : R. Kipling, « Mandalay », Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

Moulmein: port de Birmanie ; Flotilla: flottille (de vapeurs) ; paddles chunkin: aubes qui battent ; outer: out of ; 'crost: across.

Document 2 · Rudyard Kipling, « Mandalay », last stanzas

Same poem.

I am sick o' wastin' leather on these gritty pavin'-stones, An' the blasted Henglish drizzle wakes the fever in my bones; Tho' I walks with fifty 'ousemaids outer Chelsea to the Strand, An' they talks a lot o' lovin', but wot do they understand? […] Ship me somewheres east of Suez, where the best is like the worst, Where there aren't no Ten Commandments an' a man can raise a thirst;

Source : R. Kipling, « Mandalay » (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

wastin' leather: user mes semelles ; drizzle: crachin ; 'ousemaids: domestiques ; Strand: grande rue de Londres ; raise a thirst: avoir soif, boire.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents 1 and 2

Consigne :

Read the documents and answer in English.

  1. Who is speaking, and where is he now?
  2. What does he remember of Burma?
  3. Why is he unhappy in England?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents 1 and 2, lesson

Consigne :

Analyse the representation of the East.

  1. Find two features of Cockney dialect and explain their effect.
  2. How is the East idealised?
  3. What is missing from this vision?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Speak

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Record 2 minutes: present the poem to a classmate, including its context (Burma, 1885) and one critical remark.

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Oral production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

dramatic monologueexoticsoldierSuez

« Mandalay » is a __________________ spoken by a British _______ in Cockney dialect. He idealises Burma as an ______ paradise « east of ______ », seen through the colonial gaze.

Séance 2 · Never the twain shall meet? Reading Kipling critically

65 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Can two cultures really meet in Kipling's world?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · An ambiguous encounter

« The Ballad of East and West » (1889) begins with a line often quoted out of context: « East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet ». But the next lines say the opposite: there is « neither East nor West » when two brave men « stand face to face ». In the story, an English officer's son chases Kamal, an Afghan border raider; each admires the other's courage, they swear blood brotherhood, and Kamal sends his own son to serve in the Guides. The encounter is real but unequal: the Afghan son must serve « the White Queen ». Edward Said's notion of Orientalism helps us read these texts critically, without anachronism: in their context.

Document 1 · Rudyard Kipling, « The Ballad of East and West » (1889), opening and ending stanza

Ballad, Barrack-Room Ballads, 1892 (public domain).

Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet, Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God's great Judgment Seat; But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth, When two strong men stand face to face, tho' they come from the ends of the earth!

[…] They have looked each other between the eyes, and there they found no fault, They have taken the Oath of the Brother-in-Blood on leavened bread and salt […]

Source : R. Kipling, « The Ballad of East and West » (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

twain: deux (archaïque) ; presently: bientôt ; Breed: race ; leavened bread: pain levé.

Document 2 · Edward Said, Orientalism (1978), idée centrale

Essai, 1978 (présentation, sans citation).

Synthèse du professeur : pour Edward Said, l'« Orient » des romans, des tableaux et des savants occidentaux est en grande partie une construction : un espace présenté comme sensuel, immobile et mystérieux, opposé à un Occident rationnel et actif. Cette représentation accompagne la domination coloniale. Lire Kipling avec Said, c'est repérer ces stéréotypes tout en tenant compte du contexte et de la voix des personnages.

Source : Edward W. Said, Orientalism, Pantheon, 1978 ; trad. fr. L'Orientalisme, Seuil, 1980.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Document 1

Consigne :

Read the stanzas and answer in English.

  1. What does the first line say about East and West?
  2. How do lines 3 and 4 qualify this idea?
  3. How does the story end?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Interpret

18 min
Approfondissement

Supports : Documents 1 and 2, lesson

Consigne :

Write a paragraph (about 150 words): « Kipling's ballad celebrates equality between East and West. » Discuss.

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Written production

Activité 3 · Debate

15 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents of the learning journey

Consigne :

Record 2 minutes: « Should we still read Kipling at school today? » Give two arguments and one counter-argument.

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Oral production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

contextOrientalismtwainunequal

« East is East, and West is West, and never the ______ shall meet » is contradicted by the ballad: two « strong men » meet as equals in courage. But the encounter remains _______ (service to the Empire). Edward Said calls this Western construction of the East ___________; we must read it in _______.

Fiche à trous · je complète

Complète le texte avec les mots de la banque (sur papier ou dans le document de l'ENT).

girlsoldierSueztwain

The speaker of « Mandalay » is a British _______ back in London who dreams of a Burma ______.

He longs to go « somewheres east of ______ ».

« East is East, and West is West, and never the ______ shall meet », yet two « strong men » can stand « face to face ».

Ce que j'ai appris

Les 3 idées que je retiens :
Une phrase en anglais que je veux retenir :
Ce qui reste difficile pour moi / ma question pour le professeur :