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Séquence 11 · The rhetoric of a monster: Swift's « A Modest Proposal »

How does Swift use the language of reason to denounce an inhuman policy?

Bonjour !

Dans cette séquence de langues, littératures et cultures étrangères (anglais), tu vas chercher à répondre à la grande question écrite en haut de la page. Elle se fait en 2 séances. Pour chaque séance : lis la consigne, étudie les documents, réponds aux questions sur ta feuille ou sur l'ENT, puis recopie l'essentiel dans ton cahier. Tu peux imprimer cette page avec le bouton « Imprimer ».

À la fin, je serai capable de :

Les mots importants

satire, irony, personapamphlet, mock-argumentlogos, ethos, pathosunderstatementthe Irish question in the 18th century

Ressources de la séquence

Les notions, les repères et les pistes pour aller plus loin, utiles pour toutes les séances.

Les notions à maîtriser

Persona
A mask: the speaker is a character created by the author.
Satire
Mockery used to criticise vice or injustice; here Juvenalian, bitter satire.
Logos / ethos / pathos
Appeals to reason, to the speaker's credibility, to emotion (Aristotle).

Repères

DateÉvénement
1720sFamine and poverty in Ireland; many landlords live in England.
1726Swift, Gulliver's Travels.
1729A Modest Proposal is published in Dublin.
1745Death of Swift, Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Mon parcours : je choisis mon rythme

Séance 1 · A reasonable monster

70 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Why does the proposal shock and convince at the same time?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Irony and persona

The pamphlet opens on a real, moving picture of poverty in Dublin (pathos). Then the speaker calmly proposes his « solution »: sell one-year-old children as food for the rich. The tone stays neutral, the vocabulary is that of cooking and trade. The gap between the tone and the horror is irony.

Document 1 · Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal (opening and proposal)

Pamphlet, 1729 (public domain).

It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms.

[…]

I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child, well nursed, is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasee, or a ragoust.

Source : Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal, 1729 (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

importuning: begging insistently; alms: charity money; well nursed: well fed; fricasee, ragoust: French dishes.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. What does the speaker see in the streets?
  2. What does he propose?
  3. Who is his « authority »?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Analyse.

  1. Find the cooking vocabulary.
  2. Why is the tone shocking?
  3. Is the speaker Swift?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Write

20 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Write the reply of an outraged reader (about 180 words) who has understood the irony. Sentence starters: Sir, your proposal… / Behind your calm tone,… / What Ireland needs is….

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Written production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

ironypersona

The speaker is a _______; the gap between neutral tone and horror creates ______.

Séance 2 · « The publick good of my country »

70 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

How does the speaker build his credibility?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Logos, ethos, pathos

At the end, the speaker presents himself as a disinterested patriot: he gains nothing, his children are too old, his wife « past childbearing ». This ethos completes the logos of his figures. Swift imitates the « projectors » of his time, whose rational schemes ignored human beings: the art of debate can become manipulation.

Document 1 · Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal (conclusion)

Pamphlet, 1729 (public domain).

I profess in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavouring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the publick good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children, by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past childbearing.

Source : Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal, 1729 (full text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

profess: declare; endeavouring: trying; publick: public; childbearing: having babies.

Activité 1 · Understand

12 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. What motive does the speaker claim?
  2. Why can't he profit?
  3. Who will get « some pleasure »?

Ce qui est attendu (6 pts) : Comprehension

Activité 2 · Analyse

18 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Analyse.

  1. Which appeal is this: logos, ethos or pathos?
  2. What is ironic in « giving some pleasure to the rich »?
  3. Why is the last sentence absurd?

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Analysis

Activité 3 · Speak

20 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Documents and lesson

Consigne :

Record a 2-minute speech using the speaker's techniques for an absurd cause (e.g. banning sleep), then name two techniques. Sentence starters: Ladies and gentlemen,… / Figures clearly show that… / I used….

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Oral production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

ethospublic

The speaker claims to serve the ______ good: ______ completes the false logic.

Fiche à trous · je complète

Complète le texte avec les mots de la banque (sur papier ou dans le document de l'ENT).

childreneconomistfoodpersona

The speaker is a _______, not Swift himself.

He proposes that poor children be sold as ______ to the rich.

He uses figures and the tone of an _________ to sound reasonable.

His final argument: he has no ________ to sell himself.

Ce que j'ai appris

Les 3 idées que je retiens :
Une phrase en anglais que je veux retenir :
Ce qui reste difficile pour moi / ma question pour le professeur :