Version élève → Anglais · Lycée général · Tle · Terminale

Séquence 13 · Free speech online: citizens of the digital world

How can citizens defend free speech online and keep control of digital tools?

Bonjour !

Dans cette séquence de anglais, tu vas chercher à répondre à la grande question écrite en haut de la page. Elle se fait en 3 séances. Pour chaque séance : lis la consigne, étudie les documents, réponds aux questions sur ta feuille ou sur l'ENT, puis recopie l'essentiel dans ton cahier. Tu peux imprimer cette page avec le bouton « Imprimer ».

À la fin, je serai capable de :

Les mots importants

free speech, moderation, misinformationconcession and oppositionconditional sentences (mixed)oral presentation for the bac

Ressources de la séquence

Les notions, les repères et les pistes pour aller plus loin, utiles pour toutes les séances.

Les notions à maîtriser

Free speech
The right to express opinions without censorship, within limits set by law (threats, defamation…).
Moderation
The rules and actions of platforms to remove or limit content.
Mixed conditionals
If Mill had lived today, he would defend open debate online.

Repères

DateÉvénement
1791First Amendment to the US Constitution.
1859Mill publishes On Liberty.
1989Tim Berners-Lee proposes the World Wide Web.
2023The UK Online Safety Act becomes law (26 October).

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Mon parcours : je choisis mon rythme

Séance 1 · Who moderates the public square?

75 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Should platforms decide what we can say?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Concession and opposition

To nuance: while + clause (While free speech is essential, threats are illegal), admittedly, even so, in spite of, on the contrary. Vocabulary: platform, moderation, to ban, to flag, harassment, censorship.

Document 1 · Three points of view

Texts written by the teacher (fictional voices).

A user: « Platforms remove posts without explaining why. It feels like censorship. »

A moderator: « Every day we flag threats and harassment. Without moderation, many people would leave the platform. »

A lawyer: « In the US, the First Amendment limits what the government can ban, not what private companies decide. In the UK, the Online Safety Act gives platforms legal duties. »

Source : teacher's synthesis (fictional voices, legal facts checked).

Pour bien lire ce document :

to flag: to mark as a problem; harassment: repeated aggressive behaviour.

Activité 1 · Understand

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. What does the user complain about?
  2. Why does the moderator defend moderation?
  3. What does the First Amendment limit?

Ce qui est attendu (5 pts) : Reading

Activité 2 · Practise

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Lesson

Consigne :

Combine with while, admittedly or even so.

  1. Free speech is essential. Threats are illegal.
  2. Moderation can make mistakes. It protects users.
  3. Platforms are private. They shape public debate.
  4. Rules exist. Harassment continues.

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Language

Activité 3 · Produce (spoken)

25 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Lesson, documents

Consigne :

Record 2 minutes: answer one of the three voices with a nuanced argument. Sentence starters: I partly agree with… because… / While…,… / Even so,….

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

moderationwhile

To nuance, I use ______, admittedly and even so; platforms practise __________.

Séance 2 · Mill: « robbing the human race »

75 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Why does Mill defend even opinions we think are wrong?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Argument and hypothesis

Mill reasons with hypotheses (If all mankind minus one…) and a comparison (one person silencing everybody = everybody silencing one person). He uses a strong metaphor: silencing is robbing humanity, including posterity (future generations).

Document 1 · John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, chapter II (extracts)

Essay, 1859 (public domain).

If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.

[…] But the peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it.

Source : John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859, chapter II (text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

mankind: humanity; justified: right, legitimate; peculiar: specific; posterity: future generations; to dissent: to disagree.

Activité 1 · Understand

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. What hypothesis does Mill imagine?
  2. What would be wrong?
  3. Who loses most when an opinion is silenced?

Ce qui est attendu (5 pts) : Reading

Activité 2 · Practise

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Lesson

Consigne :

Write mixed conditionals.

  1. Mill / live today / defend debate online
  2. nobody / silence Galileo / science progress faster
  3. we / not have the Internet / debate be slower
  4. the law / not change in 2023 / platforms have fewer duties

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Language

Activité 3 · Produce (written)

25 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Lesson, documents

Consigne :

Write 200 to 230 words: « Would Mill accept content moderation? » Use the extracts. Sentence starters: Mill argues that… / If he lived today,… / Nevertheless, threats and harassment….

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

posterityrobbing

For Mill, silencing an opinion is « _______ the human race », including _________.

Séance 3 · Bac: present a sequence

75 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

How do I present a sequence clearly in two minutes?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Oral presentation method

Method: 1. announce the axis and the question; 2. present two documents briefly (title, author, date, main idea); 3. link them (Both… / whereas); 4. give a personal reflection; 5. conclude. Speak from notes, not from a full text.

Document 1 · Presentation plan (model)

Model plan written by the teacher.

Axis: Citizenship and virtual worlds. Question: How can citizens keep control of digital tools? Document 1: three voices on moderation: users, moderators and the law. Document 2: Mill, On Liberty (1859): silencing an opinion robs humanity. Link: Mill defends debate; today platforms must balance free speech and protection. Reflection: digital citizenship means knowing the rules, checking sources and respecting others.

Source : teacher's model plan.

Activité 1 · Understand

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read the plan and answer.

  1. What is the question?
  2. How are the documents linked?
  3. What is the personal reflection?

Ce qui est attendu (5 pts) : Reading

Activité 2 · Practise

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Lesson

Consigne :

Complete the presentation phrases.

  1. This sequence ___ with the axis…
  2. ___ documents show that…
  3. Mill defends debate, ___ platforms must protect users.
  4. ___ conclude, …

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Language

Activité 3 · Produce (spoken)

25 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Lesson, documents

Consigne :

Record a 2-minute bac presentation of this sequence (or of another sequence of the year). Sentence starters: This sequence deals with… / Mill argues that…, whereas today… / To conclude,….

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

axisreflection

A bac presentation announces the ______, links two documents and ends with a __________.

Fiche à trous · je complète

Complète le texte avec les mots de la banque (sur papier ou dans le document de l'ENT).

1859contentracespeech

Mill published *On Liberty* in ______.

For Mill, silencing an opinion is « robbing the human ______ ».

The First Amendment (1791) protects freedom of ______ in the United States.

Moderation means removing or limiting _______ on a platform.

Ce que j'ai appris

Les 3 idées que je retiens :
Une phrase en anglais que je veux retenir :
Ce qui reste difficile pour moi / ma question pour le professeur :