Version élève → Anglais · Lycée général · Tle · Terminale

Séquence 9 · Fake news before the Internet: the Great Moon Hoax

Why do people believe false information, and how can we check it?

Bonjour !

Dans cette séquence de anglais, tu vas chercher à répondre à la grande question écrite en haut de la page. Elle se fait en 3 séances. Pour chaque séance : lis la consigne, étudie les documents, réponds aux questions sur ta feuille ou sur l'ENT, puis recopie l'essentiel dans ton cahier. Tu peux imprimer cette page avec le bouton « Imprimer ».

À la fin, je serai capable de :

Les mots importants

reporting verbs (claim, allege, deny)hedging: allegedly, reportedlymarkers of credibilityfact-checking

Ressources de la séquence

Les notions, les repères et les pistes pour aller plus loin, utiles pour toutes les séances.

Les notions à maîtriser

Hoax
A deliberate deception presented as true.
Hedging
Showing uncertainty: allegedly, reportedly, it is said that, according to.
Reporting verbs
claim (affirm without proof), allege, deny, admit, confirm.

Repères

DateÉvénement
183525 August: The Sun starts publishing the Moon series; circulation increases.
1835Herschel is really at the Cape of Good Hope to observe the southern sky.
1989Tim Berners-Lee proposes the World Wide Web.
2016« Post-truth » is chosen as Oxford Dictionaries' Word of the Year.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources et bibliographie

Mon parcours : je choisis mon rythme

Séance 1 · Why do we believe?

75 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

Why does false information spread so fast?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Reporting verbs and hedging

Reporting verbs: The article claims that…; the company denies…; a witness alleges that… Hedging: allegedly, reportedly, according to…, it is said that… Vocabulary: misinformation (false by mistake), disinformation (false on purpose), hoax, to go viral, source.

Document 1 · A story that sold newspapers

Text written by the teacher from historical sources.

On 25 August 1835, the New York newspaper The Sun began a series of six articles. It claimed that the famous astronomer John Herschel had seen, with a giant telescope, forests, animals and winged human beings on the Moon. Readers rushed to buy the paper. The articles were allegedly copied from a Scottish scientific journal, which in fact had stopped being published. Herschel, who was really in South Africa observing the stars, knew nothing about it. Weeks later, the truth came out, but the newspaper had gained thousands of readers.

Source : teacher's synthesis.

Pour bien lire ce document :

winged: with wings; to rush: to hurry.

Activité 1 · Understand

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. What did The Sun claim?
  2. Why was the story credible?
  3. What did the newspaper gain?

Ce qui est attendu (5 pts) : Reading

Activité 2 · Practise

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Lesson

Consigne :

Rewrite with a reporting verb or hedging.

  1. Herschel saw life on the Moon. (the paper / claim)
  2. The article was copied from a journal. (allegedly)
  3. Herschel did not write it. (deny)
  4. Thousands of copies were sold. (reportedly)

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Language

Activité 3 · Produce (spoken)

25 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Lesson, documents

Consigne :

Record 2 minutes: tell the story of the Moon Hoax as a podcast about fake news. Sentence starters: In 1835, a newspaper claimed… / Allegedly,… / What this shows is….

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

claimedproven

*The Sun* _______ that there was life on the Moon; « allegedly » shows that a fact is not ______.

Séance 2 · The rhetoric of a hoax

75 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

How does a false text sound true?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Markers of credibility

A hoax imitates science: technical vocabulary, a famous name, precise details (numbers, places), a prestigious source, a confident or enthusiastic tone. Spot them to resist manipulation.

Document 1 · « Great Astronomical Discoveries » (extracts)

Newspaper series, The Sun, New York, August 1835 (public domain).

we have the happiness of making known to the British public, and thence to the whole civilized world, recent discoveries in Astronomy which will build an imperishable monument to the age in which we live […]

To render our enthusiasm intelligible, we will state at once, that by means of a telescope of vast dimensions and an entirely new principle, the younger Herschel, at his observatory in the Southern Hemisphere, has already made the most extraordinary discoveries in every planet of our solar system; has discovered planets in other solar systems; has obtained a distinct view of objects in the moon, fully equal to that which the unaided eye commands of terrestrial objects at the distance of a hundred yards; has affirmatively settled the question whether this satellite be inhabited […]

Source : « Great Astronomical Discoveries Lately Made by Sir John Herschel », The Sun, 1835, reprinted in The Moon Hoax, 1859 (text on Wikisource).

Pour bien lire ce document :

thence: from there; imperishable: that will never die; to render: to make; terrestrial: of the Earth; to settle a question: to answer it definitively.

Activité 1 · Understand

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read and answer.

  1. Who are the articles first addressed to?
  2. What tool made the discoveries possible?
  3. Find a precise detail that sounds scientific.

Ce qui est attendu (5 pts) : Reading

Activité 2 · Practise

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Lesson

Consigne :

Find the markers of credibility.

  1. a famous name
  2. a precise place
  3. an enthusiastic expression
  4. a scientific word

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Language

Activité 3 · Produce (written)

25 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Lesson, documents

Consigne :

Write 180 to 200 words: explain how the text manipulates its readers and what readers could have done to check it. Sentence starters: The writer uses… / Readers could have… / This is still relevant because….

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

namesource

A hoax uses a famous ______, precise details and a prestigious ______.

Séance 3 · Fact-checking article

75 min

Séance approfondie : cours développé, documents sourcés, activités exigeantes avec coups de pouce.

La question du jour

How can journalists and citizens check a viral story?

Mon plan de travail

Le cours à lire · Writing a fact-check

A fact-check has: a headline (Did… really…?), the claim, the method (source, date, image search, experts), the verdict (true / misleading / false) and advice.

Document 1 · Model fact-check (imaginary story)

Model text written by the teacher.

Did a shark really swim down a flooded motorway? The claim: a photo shared thousands of times shows a shark in a flooded road after a storm. Our method: a reverse image search shows the same photo was posted years ago after another storm; the shark was added with editing software. Verdict: FALSE. Advice: check the date and the original source before sharing.

Source : teacher's model text.

Pour bien lire ce document :

reverse image search: a tool that finds where an image first appeared.

Activité 1 · Understand

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Documents

Consigne :

Read the model and answer.

  1. What is the claim?
  2. How was it checked?
  3. What is the verdict?

Ce qui est attendu (5 pts) : Reading

Activité 2 · Practise

15 min
Essentiel

Supports : Lesson

Consigne :

Complete the fact-checking phrases.

  1. According to the original ___, the photo dates from years ago.
  2. The image was ___ with editing software.
  3. Our ___ : misleading.
  4. Before ___, check the date.

Ce qui est attendu (7 pts) : Language

Activité 3 · Produce (written)

25 min
Travail à rendre

Supports : Lesson, documents

Consigne :

Write a fact-checking article (200 to 230 words) about an imaginary viral story (an animal, a celebrity quote, a miracle product). Sentence starters: The story claims that… / However, our checks show… / Before sharing, readers should….

Ce qui est attendu (8 pts) : Production

Trace écrite · document à compléter (papier ou ENT)

Complète la trace écrite avec les mots de la banque, puis recopie-la dans ton cahier.

advicemethod

A fact-check gives the claim, the ______, the verdict and ______.

Fiche à trous · je complète

Complète le texte avec les mots de la banque (sur papier ou dans le document de l'ENT).

1835Herschelprovensource

In August ______, *The Sun* claimed that life had been discovered on the Moon.

The articles used the name of a real astronomer, John ________.

A journalist uses « allegedly » when a fact is not ______.

To check a piece of news, I look for the ______, the date and other reliable media.

Ce que j'ai appris

Les 3 idées que je retiens :
Une phrase en anglais que je veux retenir :
Ce qui reste difficile pour moi / ma question pour le professeur :